Paint Pigments Varnishes & Lacquers Project Report

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Priming paints are used for the first coat on previously unpainted surface to provide the foundation on which the durability of the finished painting largely depends; their composition is therefore of fundamental importance. The primer is required to be absorbed into the surface and to dry very hard without gloss the consistency is therefore rather thinner than that employed for subsequent coats.  The medium is usually linseed oil thinned with sufficient volatile solvent to reduce the gloss and the solid constituent is normally a blend of white lead and red lead with a small portion of extender, the function of the red lead being to increase the hardness and impermeability of the film.  For interior work, where the protective value is not of supreme importance, these lead pigments are not essential and are often replaced by mixture of other pigments.

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Commonly called alcohol has been described as one  of  the most exotic oxygen containing organic chemicals known because  of its unique  properties as solvent, beverage, combustible liquid, germicide and as building  block or chemical intermediate for  a host of organic chemicals. As a beverage it has been produced and utilized  unknowingly as early as 4000 years ago by  Pharaohs  in gypt.

In India ethyl alcohol has been conventionally and economically produced  by fermentation of a byproduct  of  sugar industry  i.e. molasses.  Although ethyl  alcohol  can  also  be produced   from  other  carbohydrate  containing  materials   by fermentation such  as sugar, cassava (tapioca), rice, wheat, barley and  other  grains,  the economics led  to  its  production  from molasses,  because  of its easy availability at a  low  price.  A flourishing distillery industry grew for production of  both potable and industrial alcohol from molasses.

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Water thinnabe paints constitute a wide variety of paints of paints categorized according to ther application and uses. Cement paints, are one of the latest types falling under the category of water thinnable paints. This feasibility report analysis the profitability and economic viability of a manufacturing unit roducing cement paints.

Cement paints find ready application in covering the exteriors of the buildings, with the purpose of protecting them from weathersnag. Thus it is only natural to expect that the cement paints find a liberal application in countries under the influence of tropical climate. Their utilization to protect the exteriors of the buildings from the attacks of monsoon in these countries can be found to be maximum.

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Fused silica  is a high purity silicon  dioxide  is  either transparent  or  translucent. The nontransparent  fused  material contains a large number of microscopic bubbler that create a milky appearance causes  by  the scattering of light.  This material is sometimes  called as a translucent fused silica. Fused silica  is available  in a number of grade for different  application. Fused silica is used for window, lenses prism and other application.

Fused  silica  should apply to any foam  of  vitreous  silica manufactured by fusion, however it has been used by some to denote all vitreous silica  not  produced  by quartz fusion and by other for only the translucent vitreous silica.

Method  for the manufacture of translucent fused silica by fusion of sand surrounding a graphite rod  through which a current is passed and subsequent manipulation of the hot plastic material were patented around the turn of century.

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Calcium  chloride  is widely distributed in nature,  but  in small concentration, as a constituent of saline matter  dissolved in  sea, spring, river and lake, waters. Deposits  of  tachydrite calcium chloride do not occur in India. Calcium  chloride  is a compound of  calcium  and  chlorine, widely  used in industry as an addition in drinking water,  anti-dust  treatment  of roads, sports ground, tennis  courts,  tiding trades, public squares, building yard, road stabilization etc.

It  can be prepared by the reaction with  Hydrochloric  acid and  lime  stone, saline water with lime stone by  reaction  with hydrated lime and chlorine etc.

Large  quantities  of calcium chloride are  present in the distiller waste  of  the  ammonia soda process for soda and manufacture for  every ton of soda ash produced,  one  ton  of calcium  chloride  is  obtained.  The composition  of  the  waste liquor varies according to the quality of brine and  lime  stone used,  the volume of feed liquor to be distilled per ton of  ash, the percentage decomposition in the towers, and the strength  of milk  of  lime  employed. Normally, 10-12  cum  of  waste  liquor containing  85-95 g/litre. of calcium chloride are obtained per ton of soda ash.

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Humic Acid is a bio-chemical which is a very complex  mixture of organic constituents which have their counterpart in biological tissue  of plants. It is a brown polymeric constituent  of  soils lignite and beat. It contains brownish-black pigment melanin and peat. Humic  Acid acts as a chelating agent a growth  stimulant and catalyst  and  buffer  against  harsh  conditions  in  the   soil affecting the plants. It  unlocks and chelates major and minor nutrients for  plant uptake.  In  the  absence of chelates in the  Soil,  Iron,  Zinc, Manganese,  Copper  and  Magnesium  are  converted  to  insoluble hydroxides.  It  keep  trace elements in  solution  available for growing  plants. It buffers high and low pHs to  allow  nutrient uptake to less than optimum conditions. Humic Acid has the ability to resist a change in the hydrogen ion concentration. Thus buffering capacity ranges between 5.5 and 6.5. It contains wide variety of major and trace elements several amino acid and has pH of not less than 7.0.

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Copper Powder is the basic raw material for many of the sintered products. These products find their uses in aircrafts, space crafts, parts for guns, porous metal bearings, filter gas diffusers, welding rods, bimetallic strips and electrical parts. The usage of copper powder has increased manifold by virtue of its  physical  properties, long life high scrap  value  and  wide range  of uses. Next to iron and steel, it is widely used in the market.

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Bitumen  is  the general them applied to  any  block,  tarry substance  occuring in nature or produced by heat from  petroleum coal,  natural gas or certain other organic substances. the term `asphalt' refers   specifically to the black, solid or semi  solid bitumens  obtained  from  petroleum. Asphalts  occur  as  natural deposits or are obtained as a residue in the distillation of crude petroleum. This asphaltic residue is called pitch.

Natural deposits of asphalt were first used by ancient civilizations the waterproofing,  preservation  and   
cementing properties  of  asphalt  were well known,  and   asphalt  was  an important article of commerce in the earliest known  civilization that  developed in Mesopotania, Egypt and the Indus  valley with the  passing  of these early civilizations, the  use  of  asphalt tended  to diminsh. However often 1900, due to the discovery of large amounts of asphalt-base crude petroleum asphalt was obtained as a by-product of petroleum refining.

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Engine Coolant is a mixture of various types of glycols  and highly formulates & researched various corrosive inhibitors.  De-mineralized water is mixed with the coolant as per suggestion and used in the engine-radiator cooling system to remove excess  heat of engine. The  purpose  of Coolant is to remove excess  heat  produced from  the  engine operation, to control  corrosion  and  scaling, antifreeze  and boil over the radiator water. So many  years  ago water  was used to reduce the temperature. Water is an  effective heat transfer fluid but it boils at very low temperature., highly corrosive  and  format scaling. It impure the cooling  liquid  by accumulating corrosive and scaled waste. So it chocks up tubes of radiator   and  finally  engine  overheats.  The  complexity is increased with the use of aluminum alloys in the head, water pump and radiators. To protect against the heat, corrosion of aluminum and other metals  & scaling; coolant creates a special protective  film  on all  metals. Our this specially researched protective  film  have important  role  in the cooling system.  This  special  corrosion inhibitors  film technology is only researched and used by us  in India.